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考研英语语法五大难点之 神态动词、描述词副词（趁便真题说明）

(一) 神态动词

一. 神态动词的如今结束式的用法

神态动词如今结束式首要有两个功用：标明现已发生的情况和标明虚拟口气。在这两个方面must/mustn’t,;can/can’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t;

ougtht等神态动词+结束式标明的意思是有必定差异的

1.标明现已发生的情况。

1)must have+曩昔分词，标明对已发生情况的必定估测，译为“(昨日)必定……”。如：

my pain apparent the moment i walked into the room, for the first man i met asked sympathetically:” are you feeling all right?”

[a] must be [b] had been [c] must have been [d] had to be

(答案为c)

2)can’t / couldn’t have+曩昔分词，标明对已发生情况的否定估测，译为“(昨日)必定没……”。如：

mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

[a] couldn’t have received [b] ought to have received

[c] has received [d] shouldn’t have received

(答案为a)

3)may / might have +曩昔分词，标明对已发生的作业做不必定、可以性很小的估测，或实际上根柢没发生，译为“或许……”。如：

at florida power’s crystal river plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.

2.标明虚拟口气。

1) needn’t have + 曩昔分词，标明做了不必做的事，恰当于”didn’t need to do”,译为“其实没必要……”。如：

you needn’t have come over yourself.

as it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally.

[a] needn’t dress up [b]did not need have dressed up

[c] did not need dress up [d] needn’t have dressed up

(没有必要穿的那么正式，体现是说话者的主张，实践成果是不是真的穿的很正式没有断定，答案为d)

2)should have +曩昔分词，标明大约做某事但实践上未做，译为“本大约……”should not + have曩昔分词标明本不大约做某事但实践上做了，译为“本不大约……”。如：

i regret having left the work unfinished; i should have planned everything ahead carefully.

我正本大约事前细心地把每件作业方案的极好，但实践上作者仍是没有方案好，致使作业没有结束。

3) ought to have +曩昔分词，标明动作按理该发生了，但实践上未发生，译为“该……”，与should 的结束式意义类似。如：

the porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke .

4) could have +曩昔分词，标明曩昔正本可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/ have +曩昔分词用法类似。如：

what you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.

5) may/ might have +曩昔分词，标明曩昔可以做但实践未做，译为“(那样)或许会……”。如：

it might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.

考研英语语法五大难点之 神态动词、描述词副词（趁便真题说明）

二. 几个神态动词常考的句型：

1).may/might (just) as well “不妨，最佳”，与had better附近;

since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.

已然航班现已撤消了，你不妨乘火车吧。恰当于you had better go by train。

2) .cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过火”。留心这个句型的变体cannot…over….如：

you cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时分，越留心越好。

the final chapter covers organizational change and development. this subject cannot be over emphasized .

3) .usedn’t 或did’t use to 为used to (do) 的否定式。

4).should 除了“大约”一层意思外，考研大纲还规则要掌控其“竟然”的意思。如：i didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我无法愿望他竟然这样做。

考研英语语法五大难点之 神态动词、描述词副词（趁便真题说明）

三.神态动词被逼联络的主动表达法

1. want, require, worth(描述词)后边接doing也可以标明被逼意义。

your hair wants cutting

the book is worth reading

the floor requires washing.

2.need既可以用need to be done 也可以运用need doing ，两种方法都表达被逼的意义

the house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.

the watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.

(二) 描述词、副词及比照级最高档

①　描述词的润饰与方位

一般来说，从构词法视点来看，后缀”ly”一般是副词，但有的以“ly’结束的词是描述词而不是副词，这点要留心;描述词一般可以在语句中做定语，表语等成份，但有些描述词在语句中只能做表语和只能做前置定语;这些描述词在润饰时分有必定的特别性要致使我们的留心，下面做了一下归纳：

1 以-ly结束的是描述词而不是副词：

costly 名贵的 lonely 孑立的

deadly 死一般的 lively 生动的

friendly 友爱的 silly 傻气的

kindly 热心肠的 likely 可以的

leisurely 悠闲的 ugly 长得丑的

brotherly 兄弟般的 monthly 每月的

earthly 尘世的

2 只作以“a”最初的许多描述词只能做表语：

afraid 惧怕的 alike 相象的

awake 醒着的 alone 单独的，专一的

alive 活着的 ashamed 惭愧的

asleep 睡着的 aware 知道到的、发觉到的

well 安康的 content 满足的

unable 无能的

3 只作前置定语的描述词

earthen 泥土做的，大地的 daily 每日的 latter 后边的

golden 金子般的 weekly 每周的 inner 里边的

silken 丝一般的 monthly 每月的 outer 外面的

wooden 木制的 yearly 每年的 elder 年长的

woolen 毛织的 former 上一任的 mere 仅，只不过

only 专一的 sheer 朴实的 very 刚好的

little 小的 live 活的

4.下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，留心用做系动词时，需求描述词做表语：

remain keep become, get, grow, go, come, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look。

如：all those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics.

②　描述词与副词的比照级与最高档

1. 考比照级时，考生应掌控：

1)描述词和副词比照级的方法是不是和比照连词对应呈现，就是不是契合原级比照及比照级的规划。如：

do you enjoy listening to records? i find records are often , or better than an actual performance.

[a]as good as [b]as good [c]good [d]good as

在这儿as good as 比照连词与better than比照连词一起呈现时分，不能省掉任何一个介词。答案为a

on the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.

2)比照的成分是不是归于同类事物或同类概念，既是说比照要具有可比性。如：

the number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half .

[a] of last year’s [b]those of last year’s

[c]of those of last year [d] that of last year’s

(前后比较的大约是本年和上一年注册参加的人数“the number of”故替代它的大约是奇数指示代词“that”，而不能选择b，those是指代participants，不是同类比照，答案为d。

young readers, more often than not, find the novels of dickens far more exciting than thackeray’s.

3)比照级与倍数词联络及其方位

原级规划中可刺进表达倍数的词，标明为“为….若干倍”,当与有标明倍数比照的词在一一起分等，他们的方位是，倍数词+as…as…,或倍数词+more…than…，但again一般放在原级词之后，即 “as+原级+again+as”.如：

smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year than automobile accidents.

[a] seven more times [b] seven times more

[c] over seven times [d] seven times

(答案为b)

“do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?”“no, i would gladly have paid for it.”

[a] twice so much [b] twice as much

[c] as much twice [d] so much twice

(答案为b)

my uncle is as old again as i am

4)下列词和短语不必比照级方法却标明比照概念：

inferior, minor, senior, prior, prefer to, superior, major, junior, preferable, differ from, compared with, in comparison with, different from, rather than. 如：

their watch is to all the other watches on the market.

[a] superior [b] advantageous [c] super [d] beneficial

(答案为a)

prior to his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter. (1986年考研题)

5)“比照级+and +比照级”或“more and more/less and less +原级”以及“ever, steadily, daily等副词+比照级”规划标明“越来越……”的意思，与这类规划分配的常用动词有grow, get ,become等。前面两种情况更多地呈如今进行时态中，留心的是这三种情况引导的比照级后边都不需要用than.如：

things are getting worse and worse.

as i spoke to him he became less and less angry.

her health was becoming daily worse

the road got ever worse until there was no road at all = the road got worse and worse.

6)比照级前面可以用even, still, yet ,all the (more)等润饰语用以加强口气，标明“愈加”的意思。如

today it is even colder than yesterday

i have yet more exciting news for you

7) 有关比照级的特别句型：

a): not so much…as…与其说……不如说……

the chief reason for the p

opulation growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.

[a] and [b] as [c]but [d] or

人员增加的首要缘由与其说是因为出世率的前进，还不如说是因为医疗的前进带来的去世率降低的成果。答案为b

b) no/not any more…than…两者相同都不……

the heart is intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.

[a] not so [b]not much [c]much more [d] no more

(心脏和胃两者都不具有智力，他们都受大脑控制。答案为d)

there is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, they can limit how much water you drink.

[a] much more than [b] no more than

[c] no less than [d] any more than

(答案为d)

c)no/not any less…than…两者相同,都……留心根柢上与no/not any more…than意思相反

she is no less beautiful than her sister.她和她姐姐相同秀丽

d)just as… so… 正如……， ……也……(用倒装规划)

just as the soil is a part of the earth, the atmosphere.

[a] as it is [b] the same is [c] so is [d] and so is

(答案为c)

考研英语语法五大难点之 神态动词、描述词副词（趁便真题说明）

2.最高档方法应留心的疑问：

1)最高档比照规模用介词in, over, of, among。

in, (all) over用于在某一规模内的比照，如：in china, all over the world.

of, among用于在同一集体内同类事物的比照，如：among the teachers, of the four dresses.

留心：among…恰当于one of …,不说among all…。这一点考生应与汉语表达差异开来

如：

all visible lights, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.

[a] among [b] of [c]for [d]to 答案为[b]

2)比照级方法标明最高档意义时，比照目标的规模使用：

any other +奇数名词

the other +复数名词

the others

anyone/anything else

上述词是用业将比照级规划改动成最高档意义的要害词语，切不可以遗失，特别是other，否则会构成逻辑紊乱的差错。如不能说：john runs faster than anyone.留心与汉语表达的不一样。

3)most可以用来润饰描述词或副词，意思恰当于very，用法区别单复数，但不能用定冠词the，如：a most interesting book, most expensive restaurants， 要留心与 “the +描述词最高档+of + 名词”的规划标明的最高档的差异，如：

he spoke in the warmest of voices

they have been most kind to me

basketball is the most popular of sports in this country.

chinese is the most difficult of language

chinese is a most difficult language

③　不必比照级和最高档的描述词：

1)标明颜色的有：white, black

2)标明形状的有：round, square, oval, circular, triangular(三角形)，level

3)标明性质和特征的有：atomic, economic, scientific, sonic, golden, silvery, woolen, earthen, silent, full, empty, sure, dead, deaf, blind, lame, rainy

4)标明状况作表语的有：afraid, asleep, alive, ashamed, alone, aware, alike

5)标明时刻、空间和方位的有：daily, weekly, monthly, annual, present, front, back, forward, backward, east, west, south, north, left, right, final

6)标明极限、主次、等级的有：maximum, minimum, utmost, main, major, chief minor, superior, inferior, senior, junior, super, favorite

7)富含必定概念的有：absolute, entire, whole, total, perfect, excellent, thorough, complete.

④　平行规划与比照级

平行规划许多情况下是由描述词或副词的比照级或许暗含比照意味的连词引导的。如：

the ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes.

大大都情况下平行规划都是具有必定的比照意义的，有的是递进比照not only…but (also) ;prefer…to…;rather than有的是同类比照：and ;but;or;both… and…;either…or…; neither…nor…..

平行规划查验时分留心以下几点：

1.留心比照规划中比较照的内容在语法方法上是不是相同。如：

it is better to die one’s feet than .

[a]living on one’s knees [b]live on one’s knees

[c]on one’s knees [d]to live on one’s knees

(答案为d)

despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it.

2.其他具有并排或比照意义的短语也可引导平行规划。

1)rather than, let alone 虽不是并排连词，但在规划上联接两个语法方法相同的成分。如：

we are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style in a personal style.

[a]rather than [b]other than [c]better than [d]less than

答案为a

for the new country to survive, for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.

[a] to name a few [b]let alone [c]not to speak [d]let’s say

(答案为b)

2)假定平行的两个成分在方法上是介词短语，而且介词相同，一般说来第二个介词不要省掉。如：

at times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the features and editorials.

后续持续更新，敬请重视。关于考研英语有关疑问可以私信我为你答复。谢谢丘尔教育高教师对这篇文章章供给作文范文撑持！

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考研英语语法五大难点之 神态动词、描述词副词（趁便真题说明）

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